Types of Window Systems
In Carbon Enclosures, we focus on two main window systems that can be used to estimate the carbon impact of various types of windows:
Curtain Walls System
Description:
Curtain walls are expansive, visually striking window systems that often create the appearance of continuous glass with minimal framing. These systems are commonly used in commercial and high-rise buildings.
Components:
A lightweight grid-like framework of vertical and horizontal framing members (typically aluminum, steel, or glass-reinforced plastic).
Panels of glass, metal, or other materials attached to the framework.
Features:
Often includes spandrel panels (opaque sections between floors).
Designed to cover large sections of the building’s facade, offering an open, modern look.
Punch Window System
Description:
Punch windows are smaller, individual units installed into a building’s structural openings. They are commonly used in residential or mixed-use buildings.
Components:
Materials such as aluminum, steel, or uPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride).
Fasteners or anchors to secure the window units into the wall openings.
Features:
Typically glazed with glass or other materials.
May include operable components like sashes or frames for ventilation.
What are Spandrels?
A spandrel is the area between the top of a window on one floor and the bottom of the window above it. Spandrels serve both functional and aesthetic purposes:
Functionality: They can provide insulation, structural continuity, and conceal building systems like ventilation or wiring.
Aesthetics: In tall buildings or skyscrapers, spandrels form horizontal bands that contribute to the rhythm and coherence of the building's facade.
Materials: Spandrels can be made of brick, stone, metal panels, or opaque glass, often complementing the curtain wall system.
What are Window Mullions?
Mullions are vertical or horizontal bars that separate and support multiple window units within a larger window assembly. They are essential for structural integrity and aesthetic design.
Why are Mullions Important?
Provide strength to support large expanses of glass.
Act as visual separators, breaking up the glass facade into smaller sections.
Types of Mullions
Vertical Mullions: Separate and support windows vertically.
Horizontal Mullions: Provide horizontal support and separation.
Decorative Mullions: Non-structural; used solely for visual appeal.
Mullion Size Explanation
Mullion Width:
This refers to the horizontal thickness of the mullion when viewed face-on.
Mullion Depth:
This is the depth of the mullion that extends perpendicular to the window surface.
Mullion Profile Thickness:
This value, indicates the material thickness of the mullion, excluding any hollow sections inside. It directly impacts the mullion's structural strength and material use.
Frames vs. Mullions
The window frame is the overall structure that surrounds and supports the window system, holding all components in place. While mullions are part of the design to separate individual window sections, the frame is the entire enclosing structure.
Key Terms
Curtain Wall System: Large, continuous glass facades with minimal framing.
Punch Window System: Smaller, standalone window units fitted into walls.
Spandrel: The area between floors, often opaque, providing structural and aesthetic support.
Mullion: Structural bars dividing and supporting glass panes.
Frame: The enclosing structure for the entire window system.